MODIFIABLE AND NON-MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS FOR TUBERCULOSIS AMONG ADULTS IN INDONESIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Authors

  • NINDREA Ricvan Dana Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Padang
  • SUSANTI Rika Department of Forensic and Medicolegal, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia, 25127
  • INDIKA Pudia M Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Padang, Bukittinggi, 26181, Indonesia
  • MAISA Benny Alexander Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Padang, Bukittinggi, 26181, Indonesia
  • SUKMA Muthia Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Padang, Bukittinggi, 26181, Indonesia
  • ROSALINA Linda Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Padang, Bukittinggi, 26181, Indonesia
  • WIDYA Astri Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Padang, Bukittinggi, 26181, Indonesia
  • TAUFIQA Zuhrah Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Padang, Bukittinggi, 26181, Indonesia
  • AGUSTIAN Dede Rahman Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Padang, Bukittinggi, 26181, Indonesia
  • FITHRIA Rahmi Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Padang, Bukittinggi, 26181, Indonesia
  • PUTRI Nomira Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Padang, Bukittinggi, 26181, Indonesia
  • NINGSIH Dianni Arma Wahyu Setia Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Padang, Bukittinggi, 26181, Indonesia
  • LUBIS Bella LucintaRillova Arif Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Padang, Bukittinggi, 26181, Indonesia
  • MARDIAH Ainil Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Padang, Bukittinggi, 26181, Indonesia
  • EZEDDIN Maudy Octarini Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Padang, Bukittinggi, 26181, Indonesia
  • LINDA Nova Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Padang, Bukittinggi, 26181, Indonesia
  • MARISA Yosa Tamia Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Padang, Bukittinggi, 26181, Indonesia
  • RAHMI Afriyeni Sri Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Padang, Bukittinggi, 26181, Indonesia
  • SARI Anggun Permata Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Padang, Bukittinggi, 26181, Indonesia
  • OKTAVIANA Mimin Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Padang, Bukittinggi, 26181, Indonesia
  • HUMANI Flori Puspa Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Padang, Bukittinggi, 26181, Indonesia
  • AMSAL Mochammad Fariz Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Padang, Bukittinggi, 26181, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21010/Ajidv18i2.3

Abstract

Background: Controlling tuberculosis (TB) determinant factors in Indonesia is one way TB control in the community. A review is needed to explore risk factors for TB in Indonesia as the key strategies for accelerating the TB preventive program.

Aim: The purpose of this review was to determine modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for TB among adults in Indonesia.

Methods: A meta-analysis was undertaken to review current studies related to modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for TB among adults in Indonesia. A search of PubMed, ProQuest, and Google Scholar for related articles published (January 2000 until December 2023). The Pooled Odds Ratio (POR) from the acquired data was calculated with a 95% CI. The fixed and random effects analysis was performed. The results were presented as forest plots, and Egger's test was used to examine study bias. Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4 and Stata 14.2 were used to process and analyze all of the data.  

Results: This study results revealed the POR of non-modifiable risk factors (family history of TB) for TB among adults in Indonesia was 6.08 (95% CI 2.99-12.34). Based on modifiable risk factors, it is known household contact has the highest POR (6.01, 2.57-14.04), followed by malnutrition (5.86, 2.50-13.69), inappropriate ventilation (5.57, 1.74–17.86), diabetes mellitus (4.92, 3.04-7.96), smoking behavior (3.24, 2.22-4.72), and low-income level (2.34, 1.42-3.87).

Conclusion: Based on significant factors that are related to TB incidence, the results of this review may be valuable to the government in identifying the optimal strategy for TB prevention among adults.

References

Adane, A., Damena, M., Weldegebreal, F. and Mohammed, H. (2020). Prevalence and associated factors of tuberculosis among adult household contacts of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated in public health facilities of Haramaya District, Oromia Region, Eastern Ethiopia. Tuberculosis Research and Treatment, 2020:6738532.

Alisjahbana, B., van Crevel, R., Sahiratmadja, E., den Heijer, M., Maya, A., Istriana, E., (2006). Diabetes mellitus is strongly associated with tuberculosis in Indonesia. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 10(6):696-700.

Bhat, J., Rao, V.G., Sharma, R.K., Muniyandi, M., Yadav, R. and Bhondley, M.K. (2017). Investigation of the risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis: A case-control study among Saharia tribe in Gwalior district, Madhya Pradesh, India. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 146(1):97-104.

Destiany, C., Zulkifli, A., Thaha, R.M., Mallongi, A. and Astuti, R.D.P. (2020). Risk factor of pulmonary tuberculosis among people with diabetes mellitus in Makassar. Enfermería Clínica, 30(4): 269-272.

Dodor, E. (2008). Evaluation of nutritional status of new tuberculosis patients at the Effia Nkwanta regional hospital. Ghana Medical Journal, 42:22–4.

Fibriana, A.I., Azam, M., Maryuni, S., Indrawati, F., Windraswara, R. and Turnbull, N. (2020). Risk factors of pulmonary tuberculosis among diabetes mellitus patients: a case-control study in Dr. Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 20(2): 101-107.

Harahap, W.A., Ramadhan, R., Khambri, D., Haryono, S. and Dana Nindrea, R. (2017). Outcomes of trastuzumab therapy for 6 and 12 months in Indonesian national health insurance system clients with operable HER2-positive breast cancer. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 18(4):1151-1156.

Hargreaves, J.R., Boccia, D., Evans, C.A., Adato, M., Petticrew, M. and Porter, J.D. (2011). The social determinants of tuberculosis: from evidence to action. The American Journal of Public Health, 101(4):654-62.

Heriyani, F., Sutomo, A.H. and Saleh, Y.D. (2013). Risk factors of the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Banjarmasin City, Kalimantan, Indonesia. International Journal of Public Health Science, 2(1):1-6.

Gupta, K.B., Gupta, R., Atreja, A., Verma, M. and Vishvkarma, S. (2009). Tuberculosis and nutrition. Lung India, 26(1):9-16.

Gusnedi, G., Nindrea, R.D., Purnakarya, I., Umar, H.B., Andrafikar, A., Syafrawati, S., (2023). Risk factors associated with childhood stunting in Indonesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 32(2):184-195.

Jeremiah, C., Petersen, E., Nantanda, R., Mungai, B.N., Migliori, G.B., Amanullah, F., et al. (2022). The WHO Global Tuberculosis 2021 Report - not so good news and turning the tide back to End TB. The International Journal of Infectious Diseases, S1201-9712(22):00149-7.

Jiang, W., Trimawartinah., Rahman, F.M., Wibowo, A., Sanjaya, A., Silitonga, P.I.I., (2022). The co-management of tuberculosis-diabetes co-morbidities in Indonesia under the National Tuberculosis Control Program: results from a cross-sectional study from 2017 to 2019. BMC Public Health, 22(1):689.

Jubulis, J., Kinikar, A., Ithape, M., Khandave, M., Dixit, S., Hotalkar, S., (2014). Modifiable risk factors associated with tuberculosis disease in children in Pune, India. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 18(2):198-204.

Khaliq, A., Khan, I.H., Akhtar, M.W. and Chaudhry, M.N. (2015). Environmental risk factors and social determinants of pulmonary tuberculosis in Pakistan. Epidemiology (Sunnyvale), 2015(5):3.

Kirenga, B. J., Ssengooba, W., Muwonge, C., Nakiyingi, L., Kyaligonza, S., Kasozi, S., (2015). Tuberculosis risk factors among tuberculosis patients in Kampala, Uganda: implications for tuberculosis control. BMC Public Health, 15:13.

Lienhardt, C., Glaziou, P., Uplekar, M., Lönnroth, K., Getahun, H. and Raviglione, M. (2012). Global tuberculosis control: lessons learnt and future prospects. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 10(6):407–16.

Lönnroth, K., Jaramillo, E., Williams, B.G., Dye, C. and Raviglione, M. (2009). Drivers of tuberculosis epidemics: the role of risk factors and social determinants. Social Science and Medicine, 68(12):2240–6.

Muchsin, M., Siregar, F.A. and Sudaryati, E. (2019). The Influence of Nutritional Status and Ventilation on the Incidence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis at Langsa. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(20):3421-3424.

Muse, A.I., Osman, M.O., Ibrahim, A.M., Wedajo, G.T., Daud, F.I. and Abate, K.H. (2021). Undernutrition and Associated Factors Among Adult Tuberculosis Patients in Jigjiga Public Health Facilities, Somali Region, East, Ethiopia. Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine, 12:123-133.

Nasra, N., Arsunan, A.A., Thamrin, Y., Wahiduddin, W., Maria, I.L., Nurhaedar, J., (2020). Analysis of risk factors for tuberculosis in the lake of coastal area, Towuti District, East Luwu Regency, Indonesia. European Journal of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, 7(6): 67-73.

Nindrea, R.D., Sari, N.P., Harahap, W.A., Haryono, S.J., Kusnanto, H., Dwiprahasto, I., (2020). Survey data of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, Tuberculosis patients characteristics and stress resilience during COVID-19 pandemic in West Sumatera Province, Indonesia. Data in Brief, 32:106293.

Nindrea, R.D. (2023). Impact of Telehealth on the Environment During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 35(2-3):227.

Nindrea, R.D., Harahap, W.A., Aryandono, T. and Lazuardi, L. (2018). Association of BRCA1 promoter methylation with breast cancer in Asia: a meta- analysis. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 25;19(4):885-889.

Nunes, H.E., Goncalves, E.C., Vieira, J.A. and Silva, D.A. (2016). Clustering of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among adolescents from southern Brazil. PLoS One, 11(7):e0159037.

Nur, I., Noor, N.N., Salmah, A.U., Mallongi, A. and Amqam, H. (2020). Risk factors analysis and mapping of pulmonary tuberculosis in community health centre Tamalatea of Jeneponto District. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 8(T2):59-62.

Page, M.J., McKenzie, J.E., Bossuyt, P.M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T.C., Mulrow, C.D., (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. The BMJ, 372:n71.

Pakasi, T.A., Karyadi, E., Dolmans, W.M., van der Meer, J.W. and van der Velden, K. (2009). Malnutrition and socio-demographic factors associated with pulmonary tuberculosis in Timor and Rote Islands, Indonesia. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 13(6):755-9.

Rahayu, S.R., Katsuyama, H., Demura, M., Katsuyama, M., Ota, Y., Tanii, H., (2015). Factors associated with tuberculosis cases in Semarang District, Indonesia: case-control study performed in the area where case detection rate was extremely low. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 20(4):253-61.

Sadeghi, K., Poorolajal, J. and Doosti-Irani, A. (2022). Prevalence of modifiable risk factors of tuberculosis and their population attributable fraction in Iran: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One, 17(8):e0271511.

Sinaga, B.Y.M., Siregar, Y., Amin, M. and Sarumpaet, S. (2018). Effect of smoking and alcohol consumption on pulmonary tuberculosis among Batak ethnic population in Medan, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 125:1-5.

Sulistyawati, S. and Ramadhan, A.W. (2021). Risk Factors for Tuberculosis in an Urban Setting in Indonesia: A Case-control Study in Umbulharjo I, Yogyakarta. Journal of UOEH, 43(2):165-171.

Stang, S., Mallongi, A., Dwinata, I. and Sumarni, S. (2020). Risk factors of lung tuberculosis occurrence in the working area of Kaluku Bodoa Health Center Makassar City. Medico Legal Update, 20(3): 714–719.

WHO (2009). WHO Policy on TB Infection Control in Health-Care Facilities, Congregate Settings and Households. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.

Downloads

Published

2024-03-08

How to Cite

Ricvan Dana, N., Rika, S., Pudia M, I., Benny Alexander, M., Muthia, S., Linda, R., Astri, W., Zuhrah, T., Dede Rahman, A., Rahmi, F., Nomira, P., Dianni Arma Wahyu Setia, N., Bella LucintaRillova Arif, L., Ainil, M., Maudy Octarini, E., Nova, L., Yosa Tamia, M., Afriyeni Sri, R., Anggun Permata, S., Mimin, O., Flori Puspa, H., & Mochammad Fariz, A. (2024). MODIFIABLE AND NON-MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS FOR TUBERCULOSIS AMONG ADULTS IN INDONESIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. African Journal of Infectious Diseases (AJID), 18(2), 19–28. https://doi.org/10.21010/Ajidv18i2.3

Issue

Vol. 18 No. 2 (2024)

Section

Review

License

Copyright (c) 2024 African Journal of Infectious Diseases (AJID)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY This license lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials. View License Deed | View Legal Code Authors can also self-archive their manuscripts immediately and enable public access from their institution's repository. This is the version that has been accepted for publication and which typically includes author-incorporated changes suggested during submission, peer review and in editor-author communications.