IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CRUDE EXTRACTS FROM PLANTS BRYOPHYLLUM PINNATUM AND KALANCHOE CRENATA

Authors

  • O. R. Akinsulire
  • I. E. Aibinu
  • T. Adenipekun
  • T. Adelowotan
  • T. Odugbemi

Keywords:

Antimicrobial, Bryophyllum pinnatum, Kalanchoe crenata, Local solvents, Gram-positive organism, Gram-negative organism

Abstract

Extracts from the leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum and Kalanchoe crenata were screened for their antimicrobial activities. Solvents used included water, methanol, and local solvents such as palmwine, local gin (Seaman’s Schnapps 40% alcoholic drink,) and “omi ekan-ogi” (Sour water from 3 days fermented milled maize). Leaves were dried and powdered before being soaked in solvents for 3 days. Another traditional method of extraction by squeezing raw juice from the leaves was also employed. All extracts were lyophilized. These extracts were tested against some Gram-negative organisms (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella paratyphi, Citrobacter spp); Gram-positive organisms Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25213, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis) and a fungus (Candida albicans). Agar well diffusion and broth dilution methods were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) at concentrations of 512mg/ml to 4mg/ml. All the organisms except Candida albicans were susceptible to the extracts obtained from the traditional method. The squeezed-leaf juice of Kalanchoe crenata was the most active one with MIC of 8 mg/ml against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis, 32 mg/ml against Shigella flexneri, 64 mg/ml against Escherichia coli and 128 mg/ml against the control strain Staphylococcus aureus while its MBC is 256 mg/ml against these organisms except Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The Gram-positive organisms were more sensitive to the methanol and local gin-extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum. Extracts from other solvents showed moderate to weak activity.

Author Biographies

O. R. Akinsulire

Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Idi-araba, Lagos. Nigeria

I. E. Aibinu

Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Idi-araba, Lagos. Nigeria

T. Adenipekun

Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Idi-araba, Lagos. Nigeria

T. Adelowotan

Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Idi-araba, Lagos. Nigeria

T. Odugbemi

Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Idi-araba, Lagos. Nigeria

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Published

2007-02-16

How to Cite

Akinsulire, O. R., Aibinu, I. E., Adenipekun, T., Adelowotan, T., & Odugbemi, T. (2007). IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CRUDE EXTRACTS FROM PLANTS BRYOPHYLLUM PINNATUM AND KALANCHOE CRENATA. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 4(3), 338–344. Retrieved from https://athmsi.org/journals/index.php/ajtcam/article/view/226

Issue

Section

Research Papers