PROPOLIS AMELIORATES TUMOR NEROSIS FACTOR-α, NITRIC OXIDE LEVLS, CASPASE-3 AND NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE ACTIVITIES IN KAINIC ACID MEDIATED EXCITOTOXICITY IN RAT BRAIN

Authors

  • Mummedy Swamy Universiti Sains Malaysia
  • Dian Suhaili Hashim Universiti Sains Malaysia
  • K. N .S. Sirajudeen Universiti Sains Malaysia
  • Zulkarnain Mustapha Universiti Sains Malaysia
  • Chandran Govindasamy Universiti Sains Malaysia

Keywords:

Nitric oxide, TNF-α, Caspase-3, Excitotoxicity, Propolis, Rat Brain

Abstract

Background: Increased nitric oxide (NO), neuronal inflammation and apoptosis have been proposed in excitotoxicity resulting in many neurodegenerative diseases. To understand the neuro-protective effects of propolis, activities of Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and caspase-3 along with NO and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were studied in cerebral cortex (CC), cerebellum (CB) and brain stem (BS) of rats supplemented with propolis and administered with kainic acid (KA). Materials and methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups; Control group and KA group received vehicle and saline. Propolis group and propolis + KA group were orally administered with propolis (150mg/kg body weight), five times every 12 hours. KA group and propolis +KA group were injected subcutaneously with kainic acid (15mg/kg body weight) and were sacrificed after 2 hrs, CC, CB and BS were separated, homogenized and used for estimation of NOS, caspase-3, NO and TNF-α by commercial kits. Results were analyzed by one way ANOVA, reported as mean + SD (n=6), and p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The concentration of NO, TNF-α, NOS and caspase-3 activity were increased significantly (p<0.001) in all the three brain regions tested in KA group compared to control. Propolis supplementation significantly (p<0.001) prevented the increase in NOS, NO, TNF-α and caspase-3 due to KA. Conclusion: Results of this study clearly demonstrated that the propolis supplementation attenuated the NOS, caspase-3 activities, NO, and TNF-α concentration and in KA mediated excitotoxicity. Hence propolis can be a possible potential protective agent against excitotoxicity and neurodegenerative disorders.

Author Biographies

Mummedy Swamy, Universiti Sains Malaysia

Associate Professor Dept of Chemical pathology

Dian Suhaili Hashim, Universiti Sains Malaysia

Department of Chemical Pathology

K. N .S. Sirajudeen, Universiti Sains Malaysia

Associate Professor Department of Chemical Pathology

Zulkarnain Mustapha, Universiti Sains Malaysia

Senior Lecturer Department of Chemical Pathology

Chandran Govindasamy, Universiti Sains Malaysia

Scientific Officer Department of Chemical Pathology

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Published

2014-08-18

How to Cite

Swamy, M., Hashim, D. S., Sirajudeen, K. N. .S., Mustapha, Z., & Govindasamy, C. (2014). PROPOLIS AMELIORATES TUMOR NEROSIS FACTOR-α, NITRIC OXIDE LEVLS, CASPASE-3 AND NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE ACTIVITIES IN KAINIC ACID MEDIATED EXCITOTOXICITY IN RAT BRAIN. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 11(5), 48–53. Retrieved from https://athmsi.org/journals/index.php/ajtcam/article/view/2707

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Section

Research Papers